Revolution in Texas

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How a Forgotten Rebellion and Its Bloody Suppression Turned Mexicans into Americans

Benjamin Heber Johnson

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A gripping narrative about the Plan de San Diego uprising of 1915—and a major contribution to our understanding of the origins of Mexican American identity?

"In deciding Mexican American political identity, in determining Texas race relations and perhaps even in the establishment of the government of Mexico, the important role of the Plan de San Diego is supported by evidence Johnson gathered on both sides of the border. . . . Deep, detailed and authentic."—Mark Henricks, San Francisco Chronicle

"The 1915 Plan de San Diego rebellion in south Texas has remained a footnote to U.S. national history. This book will change that."—Elliott Young, Journal of Southern History

In Revolution in Texas Benjamin Johnson tells the little-known story of one of the most intense and protracted episodes of racial violence in United States history. In 1915, against the backdrop of the Mexican Revolution, the uprising that would become known as the Plan de San Diego began with a series of raids by ethnic Mexicans on ranches and railroads. Local violence quickly erupted into a regional rebellion. In response, vigilante groups and the Texas Rangers staged an even bloodier counterinsurgency, culminating in forcible relocations and mass executions. Faced with the overwhelming forces arrayed against it, the uprising eventually collapsed. But, as Johnson demonstrates, the rebellion resonated for decades in American history. Convinced of the futility of using force to protect themselves against racial discrimination and economic oppression, many Mexican Americans elected to seek protection as American citizens with equal access to rights and protections under the U.S. Constitution.

Benjamin Heber Johnson is assistant professor of history at Southern Methodist University.

"A perceptive study that prompts a reconsideration of older views, among them that Tejanos did not accept U. S. citizenship until the 1920s."—Arnoldo De Leon, Angelo State University

"A pioneering work that identifies an early twentieth century cohort (called the ‘Tejano Progressives’) as striving for the political, economic, and social equality of Mexican Americans."—Arnoldo De Leon, Angelo State University

"A seminal contribution that finds the forging of a ‘Mexican American identity’ in the early years of the twentieth century, not the 1920s as generally believed."—Arnoldo De Leon, Angelo State University

"A provocative study that finds the Plan de San Diego to be the catalyst for new civil rights organizations in the 1920s, among them the League of United Latin American Citizens."—Arnoldo De Leon, Angelo State University

"An exciting study that overturns older interpretations about Tejano history, among them that Tejanos did not build a ‘Mexican American identity’ until the 1920s or the 1930s."—Arnoldo De Leon, Angelo State University

"Having scoured the archives on both sides of the United States-Mexico border, Ben Johnson has written a meticulous history of the last armed conflict between the two on Texas soil. One legacy was the birth of a ‘Mexican American’ political identity, an argument that is sure to provoke much discussion about ethnic conflict and its consequences. Without question, Johnson has raised the standard for the emerging field of Borderlands history."—David Montejano, Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies, University of California, Berkeley

"A nuanced and engagingly-written study of the Texas-Mexico border in the early twentieth century."—Gregg Cantrell, author of Stephen F. Austin

"Johnson reveals the fascinating South Texas border region in all of its dizzying complexity."—Gregg Cantrell, author of Stephen F. Austin

"Far more than just an account of a failed revolution, this book paints a vivid and fascinating portrait of a region in turmoil."—Gregg Cantrell, author of Stephen F. Austin

"Economic upheaval, ethnic strife, and political conflict come together in a book that should be required reading for students of the U.S.-Mexico border region."—Gregg Cantrell, author of Stephen F. Austin

"This book follows the volatile South Texas region in a period when armed Revolution south of the border and economic revolution north of it led to ethnic and political turmoil on both sides. The result is fascinating reading."—Gregg Cantrell, author of Stephen F. Austin

"An eye-opening account of a time when the Mexican Revolution came to the United States, when conflicting ethnic and national loyalties produced ghastly violence, deep bitterness, and a happier ending than anyone involved could have hoped for."—H.W. Brands, author of The Age of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the New American Dream

"Benjamin Johnson’s study of the Plan de San Diego uprising is a clear, absorbing analysis of a bloody but little-known revolt along a border that’s been troubled ever since it was a border. By looking both backward and forward from the Plan de San Diego, the book does much to explain why Mexican-American identity is the complex fate we know it to be today."—Larry McMurtry

"Benjamin Johnson has written the definitive study of the Plan de San Diego and the ethnic tensions between Mexicans and Anglos in Texas during the early part of the 20th century. He has elevated a localized conflict to a sophisticated analysis of race and ethnic wars in American culture."—Mario T. Garcia, author of Mexican Americans: Leadership, Ideology & Identity, 1930-1960

"The Plan de San Diego of 1915 played a major but little remembered part in the turmoil created by the Mexican Revolution in South Texas, perhaps because of the dark stain it left on both Anglo Texans and Mexican Texans. Ben Johnson’s exhaustively researched book places the story in its larger context, assesses its significance, and tells it in readable prose."—Robert M. Utley, author of Lone Star Justice: The First Century of the Texas Rangers

"Johnson has written an important book, one that deserves the attention of those interested in the history of the United States, Chicanos, and the Texas-Mexico borderlands."—James A. Sandos, American Historical Review

"[A] timely study. . . . Highly recommended."—Choice

"This book is based on solid research in primary sources and represents the pleasing product of an historiographical viewpoint that allows each side to tell its own story. . . . The narrative of the volume is well written and very engaging. This volume represents a major, important addition to the history of Texas and of its diverse peoples."—Victoria Hennessey Cummins, H-Net Review

"Fascinating, compelling, and sure to provoke debate and discussion for years to come. . . . A brilliant narrative. . . . This is a near-perfect monograph: well-written, insightful, and full of controversial arguments that, while well-supported with evidence, open up points of discussion and avenues for future research. It should be required reading for graduate students in American history. I can and will assign this book to my undergraduates in the future."—William D. Carrigan, H-Net Reviews

"The 1915 Plan de San Diego rebellion in south Texas has remained a footnote to U.S. national history. This book will change that. . . . This crucial episode in the making of Mexican American identity deserves the attention and careful analysis that Johnson provides."—Elliott Young, Journal of Southern History

"Carefully documents what has been a whitewashed version of South Texas history."—Jan Jarbor Russell, San Antonio Express-News

"An enlightening examination of a startling item of forgotten American history. . . . In deciding Mexican American political identity, in determining Texas race relations and perhaps even in the establishment of the government of Mexico, the important role of the Plan de San Diego is supported by evidence Johnson gathered on both sides of the border. . . . Deep, detailed and authentic."—Mark Henricks, San Francisco Chronicle

"Johnson’s compelling narrative . . . [recalls] the legacy of this often overlooked violent episode . . . with admirable skill."—William J. Scheick, The Dallas Morning News

"Revolution in Texas is no less important for its contributions to the nascent discipline of Borderlands history. Johnson's book serves as a very model for the field. . . . [This book] should join the handful of indispensable monographs about Texas, and find an even wider audience among those interested in Mexico, the greater Southwest, and the politics of race in modern America."—Andrew R. Graybill, Western Historical Quarterly

Finalist for the 2004 Caroline Bancroft Western History Prize sponsored by the Denver Public Library

ISBN: 9780300094251
Publication Date: October 11, 2003

272 pages, 6 1/8 x 9 1/4
29 b/w illus.

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